منتديات شباب دمنهور

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التقنيات التي تسمى الاختبارات الغير إتلافية NDT :

1- الموجات فوق الصوتية Ultrasonic Test - UT
2- التصوير الاشعاعى RadiographicTest - RT
3- السائل المتغلغل Liquid Penetrant Test - PT
4- الحبيبات الممغنطة Magnitic Particles Test - MT
5- الفحص البصري Visual Test - VT

موقع الجمعية الامريكية للإختبارات اللاإتلافية
American Society for Non-destructive Testing
ASNT
http://www.asnt.org

NDT Applications and Theory

http://www.panametrics-ndt.com/ndt/ndt_technology

ودى الكورسات اللى قولت انى هانزلها وابدا اشرحها للمنتدى حصريا
بكل حاجه ودى كورسات غاليه جدا تعمل حوالى 6000 جنيه مصرى المستوى الثانى
وانا اعتبر مهندس معتمد من الجمعيه الامريكيه للاختبارات اللاإتلافية ليفيل 2
وعلى بركة الله نبدأ

على فكره ليفيل 1 للفنيين وليس للمهندسين
وباللغه العربيه اى بلغة اهل البلد
اما ليفيل 2 يدرس باللغه الانجليزيه
وبمواد واكواد الجمعيه الامريكيه

مرفق عرض تقديمى لذلك

وهذة الطرق هى

1- الموجات فوق الصوتية
2- التصوير الاشعاعى
3- الحبيبات الممغنطة
4- الصبغة المتغلغلة
5- التيارات الاعصارية

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B] NDT Methods
1-Ultrasonic test (UT).
2- Radiography test (RT).
2-Magnetic Particle test (MT)
4- Liquid Penetrant test (PT).
5- Eddy Current test (ET).
6- Neutron Radiography test (NRT)
7- Leak test (LT).
8- Acoustic Emission test (ET).
9- Infra-Red Thermography

10- Visual Inspection (Endoscopy)

NDT methods principles and general applications
Ultrasonic Test
Ultrasonic test is a nondestructive method in which beams of high frequency sound waves that are transmitted into the material being tested are used to detect surface and subsurface flaws. The sound waves travel through the material with some attended loss of energy ( attenuation) and are reflected at interfaces.
The reflected beam is detected and analyzed to define the presence and location of flaws.
•The degree of reflection depends mainly on the physical state of matter on the opposite side of the interface, and to a lesser extent on specific physical properties of that matter. Sound waves almost completely reflected at metal-gas interfaces. Partial reflections occurs at metal-liquid or metal-solid interfaces, with the specific percentage of reflected energy depending mainly on the ratios of certain properties of the matter on opposing side of the interface.
• Cracks, laminations, shrinkage cavities, bursts, pores, bonding faults and other discontinuities that acts as metal gas interfaces can easily be detected.
•Inclusions and other inhomogeneities in the metal being tested can also be detected (even though they may not act as metal-gas interfaces) by causing partial reflection or scattering of the ultrasonic waves or by producing some other detectable affect on the ultrasonic waves.
• Most ultrasonic test is done at frequencies between 1- 25 MHz, which are above the range of the human hearing ( 20 Hz - 20 KHz) .
•Ultrasonic waves are mechanical vibrations , the amplitude of vibrations in metal parts being ultrasonically tested impose stresses well below the elastic limit, thus preventing permanent effects on the parts.
•Ultrasonic test is one of the most widely used methods of nondestructive testing. It is primary application in the testing of metal is the detection and characterisation of internal flaws, it is also used to detect surface flaws, define bonding characteristics, thickness measurements, corrosion detection, determine physical properties, structure, grain size and elastic constants.

PURPOSE OF INSPECTION

The purpose of any Inspection organization is to mandate the safe and cost efficient operation of the facility. It does this by highlighting any deviations from recognized "Corporate or International Standards and Practices" by Operations, Maintenance or Engineering.

Examples of Inspection’s mandates include:

1. Operations

Insuring adherence to established shutdown intervals, scheduling Relieve Valves inspections, recommending equipment repairs, recommending certain corrosion control methods, etc.

2. Maintenance

Insuring adherence to correct welding practices and techniques, performing Relieve Valves test shop audits, providing assistance in repair practices, etc.

3. Engineering

Insuring adherence to required programs, review of project proposals, assistance in developing corrosion inhibition methods and corrosion control programs, etc.

Inspection also provides services in many disciplines to all Divisions, They include:

a) NDT Nondestructive testing

b) Plant & Equipment Inspection

c) Relieve Valves Coordination

d) In-service Inspection Programs and techniques

e) Vents & Drains monitoring

f) Deadleg monitoring

g) corrosion monitoring and control

i) welding practices and control and

j) etc.

Inspection also provides assistance to all divisions in many ways to either maintain or enhance plant reliability. These include:

a) Taking skin temperature readings on heaters

b) Performing routine monitoring of heater firing patterns

c) Performing Positive Material Identification (PMI) for various groups,

d) etc

Ultrasonic Probes and their primary applications

1- Straight beam direct contact Probes
a- Manufacturing induced flaws:
Billets: Inclusions, stringer, pipe
Forging : Inclusions, cracks, segregation’s, seams, flakes, pipe.
Rolled products : Laminations, inclusions, tears, seams, cracks.
Castings: Slag, porosity, cold shuts, tears, shrinkage cracks, inclusions.
b- Service induced flaws :
Fatigue cracks, corrosion, erosion, stress-corrosion cracks.

2- Angle-beam direct contact Probes
a- Manufacturing induced flaws:
Forging : Cracks, seams, laps
Rolled products: Tears, seams, cracks, cupping.
Welds: Slag inclusions, porosity, incomplete fusion, incomplete penetration, Tubing and pipe: Circumferential and longitudinal cracks.
b- Service induced flaws: Fatigue cracks, stress-corrosion cracks.
3-Twin crystal (dual element) direct contact Probes
a- Manufacturing induced flaws:
Plate and sheet: Thickness measurement, lamination detection .
Tubing and pipe: Thickness measurement.
b- Service induced flaws: Wall thinning, corrosion, erosion, stress-corrosion cracks.
4- Immersion Probes
a- Manufacturing induced flaws:
Billets: Inclusions, stringers, pipe.
Forging: Inclusions, cracks, segregation, seams, flakes, pipe.
Rolled products: Laminations, inclusions, tears,seams, cracks.
Welds: Inclusions, porosity, incomplete fusion, complete penetration, drop through, cracks, base metal laminations.
Adhesive-bonded, soldered or brazed products:Lack of bonding.
Composites: Voids, resin rich, resin poor, lack of filaments.
Tubing and pipe: Cicumferential and longitudinal cracks
b- Service induced flaws: Corrosion, fatigue cracks.

Ultrasonic test applications
1- Power equipment- turbine forging, generator rotors, pressure piping, eldments, pressure vessels.
2- Mill components- rolls, shafts drives, etc.
4- Aircraft components- forging stock, frame sections and honeycomb sandwich assemblies.
3- Jet engine parts- turbine, compressor forging and gear blanks.
5- Machinery materials- die blocks, tool steels and drill pipe.
6- Railroad parts- axles, wheels, track and welded rail.
7- Automotive parts- forging, ductile castings and brazed or welded components

مقتبس:ودى كورسات غاليه جدا تعمل حوالى 6000 جنيه مصرى المستوى الثانى
وانا اعتبر مهندس معتمد من الجمعيه الامريكيه للاختبارات اللاإتلافية ليفيل 2

الله اكبر عليك
واضح ان الدوره تستحق الفلوس ..
شكراً جزيلاً على مشاركتك القيمه

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وعقبالك تبقى هاى بروفيشنر
فى المجال اللى انتا بتبدع فيه

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